Improvement in tempering springs



WHYSALL L PORRITT.

' Tempefng Springs. N0- 58,031.

Ptented Sept. H, 1866,.

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NTTTD STATES PATENT @Tanica B. VVHYSALL' AND J. PORRITT, OF PORT JERVIS,ASSIGNOBS TO THEMSELVES 'w ANDv M. M. LIVINGSTON, OF BROOKLYN, NFV YORK.

-IMPROVEMENT IN TEMPERING SPRINGS.

` Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 58,031, datedSeptember ll, 1866.

.To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, B. WHYSALL and J.PORRIT'I, both of Port Jervis, in the county of Orange and State of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Process of Tempering Springs,Vire, the.; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description of our said invention.

In tempering springs, wire, and other artiti'cles, the practice hasheretofore been to heat the articles to the requisite degree of heat inany proper medium, and while hot immerse them in a vat of oil to hardenand. cool them. The articles are then removed from the oil and subjectedagain to aheat necessary to produce the desired temper. This is theprocess commonly employed. We are aware of other proeesses; but in allof them it is necessary to subject the articles to a second hea-tin g orburnin g-oft' operation.

The object of our invention is to dispense with the last -heating of themetal, therebyT effecting a great saving in time and expense.

Our invention or process consists in tempering springs, wire, Ste., bysubjecting the same, after having' been heated to the requisite degreeof heat, to the action of a bath composed of such chemical agents asshall harden and temper the same, and this without the necessity ofsubsequently subjecting thc springs7 &c., to a second heating orburning-oif operation.

We have found by practice that a bath composed ofthe followingingredients will accom plish the purpose of our invention or process:

linseed-oil, (raw or boiled,) resin, lamp-black, and vitriol.

`In carrying out our process we find it advantageous to use a tanksubstantially such as is illustrated in the accompanying drawings-Figure 1 being a plan or top view,'and Fig. 2 a longitudinal verticalsection taken on the plane of the line x, Fig. 1.

A designates a tank, which may be of any appropriate size or shape. Inone end of the tank there opens a fcetl-wate1"1)ipe,a; from the otheremanates a waste-water pipe, b and in front of the mouth of each pipe,across the tank A, there is secured a perforated plate, B.'

By using these plates B a more even current of water tank.

C is the bathtub. This is suspended in the tank A ina suitable manner.Across its interior a series of bars are secured, forming a grating, c,on which rest the springs or other articles placed in the bath. Theya-re thus held in the midst of the bath, sothat all parts can beeffectively reached by the bath.

In a bath-tub of the proper dimensions we deposit linseed -oil, (raw orboiled,) twenty gallons; resin, iive pounds; lamp-black, three pounds;blue vitriol, one pint.

The resin should be dissolved in a sufficient quantity of the oil totake it up, and then added to the oil in the vat. The lamp-black andvitriol may then be added, and the whole mass stirred until properlymixed.

The resin and lamp-black so thicken the oil that it does not have thepower to cool the metal so quickly as to make it too brittle. It coolsit gradually. This we deem beneficial in the tempering' of springs.

The vit-riol is not essential for the effective qualities of the bath;but it may be used to allay or destroy the smell, which would otherwisearise when the heated metal is subjected to the bath.

Substitutes may be used for the lampblack-for insta-nce, a liquid madeby boiling down animals hoofs in the same kind of oil used in the bathmay be used in lieu of the lampblack.

The resin greatly-enhances the hardening effect ofthe bath.

In tempering wire the same had better first be brought tothe requisiteheat, which can be done either by placing it in a coil or upon an openreel in a tire or in a retort or reverberatory furnace, from either ofwhich it may be removed while hot and quickly immersed in the bath. hentaken out itwill be found to have received the requisite temper, thusdispensing with the necessity of subjecting it to the subsequent actionof a heating medium, asis now practiced.

Ve will remark, in this connection, that we find it advantageous to heatthe bath before immersing the wire, and thus the degree ot' is insuredin the main body of the temper given to the wire may be regulated ac-`cordin g to t-he degree of heat of the bath.

It will be understood from the above description that we are able toharden, cool, and temper the metal by the mere aetion thereon of a bath,and that the metal, when removed from the bath, requires no subsequentheating in order to bring it to the desired temper.

We will here remark that we have tempered locomotive-springs and hoopslirt wire by this process, and have had the loeomotive-sprin gspractically tested on the New York and Erie railroad, and they have beenproven to be far superior to all metallic springs heretofore used, andrequire aless number of leaves than they do as heretofore made.

Hoop-skirt wire has also been tempered with success.

We Will here remark that itmay be advantageous, in the tempering ofwire, to use in the bat-h biehromate of potash, say, one part; prussiateof pot-ash, say, two parts; the tenddeney of which would be to make theWire more brittle or exible. These ingredients might be used with orWithout either or both `the lamp-black and blue vitriol.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. The process of tempering springs, Wire, the., substantially as hereindesqribed.

2'. For the purpose ot' hardening, cooling, and tempering springs, Wire,&e.', a bath composed of the chemical agents herein specified.

3. In carrying out our process, the employment of a vat, A, having awater-chamber, B, all'around it, and pipes [t b, letting into saidchamber, whereby a constant current ot' eold water may be kept up forcooling the liquid in the vat A, as herein shown and described.

BANFORTH WHYSALL. JAMES PORRITT. Vitnesses:

JAMES GREENHOLGH, L. H. 'BECKWITIL

